IMPACT OF ANTIBIOTIC ADMINISTRATION DURING TOOTH EXTRACTION ON ORAL MICROBIOME COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY

Abstract

Antibiotics were developed in the twentieth century and have changed the standards of care in various medical fields. However, the overuse of antibiotics is becoming a serious concern due to the development of resistant bacterial strains. The quality of oral health has an important effect on general health. Adverse effects of antibiotic use cause significant changes in oral microbiomes. In this study, we analyzed the changes in oral microbiomes as a result of routine antibiotic use after tooth extraction. Ampicillin and azithromycin were respectively administered to two patients with molar extractions. Individual plaque samples were collected before extraction as well as 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after extraction. Sequenced 16S rRNA of collected plaques enabled us to conduct microbial profiling. (Wade, 2021)

Administering antibiotics after tooth extraction causes variation in microbial structure and diversity. Major bacterial families decreased after the use of ampicillin or azithromycin. Proteobacteria was dominant at the 6-hour time point, while Firmicutes were dominant at the 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days time points. However, changes started at the 3 days time point after the extraction. The diversity of the oral microbiome recovered to nearly pre-antibiotic levels at least 7 days after the tooth extractions. The findings may potentially provide bacterial targets for maintaining oral health. (Almeida et al.2020)